Heavens Delight - Vanilla :: Botany

Paradise's Delight - Vanilla Business vanilla is the natural product (case) acquired from a few unique types of Orchidaceae, to be specific, Vanilla pompona Schiede (West Indian vanilla), Vanilla tahitiensis J. M. Moore (Tahiti vanilla) and Vanilla planifolia Jackson (Mexican vanilla). The most significant is Vanilla planifolia Jackson, from which practically all vanilla natural products originate from (Ferrã £o, 1993). The variety Vanilla has around 100 species, and the Orchidaceae family is one of the biggest in the Plant Kingdom, with pretty much 20,000 species. Etymologically, the word vanilla originated from the Spanish vainilla, which implies a little unit, because of the extraordinary comparability between this leafy foods genuine case (Ferrã £o, 1992; Mabberley, 1993). Horticulture is the field that we quickly review when we consider orchid plants. In any case, the variety Vanilla is the just one of the family that is of direct financial intrigue. Some country social orders in Turkey Greece despite everything use salep, a staple flour produced using the tubers of specific orchids, particularly those remembered for the family Orchis. In spite of the fact that the utilization of orchids for this reason for existing is somewhat confined, it is carrying a few types of this family to the edge of eradication (Baumann, 1996). The vanilla plant is a vine, local from the tropical timberlands of Central America and a few regions of South America. In its normal living space, it might arrive at a length of 25 meters, moving with the assistance of extrinsic roots. The stems are thick and meaty green; the leaves are interchange, long curved, sessile and splendid green. The blossoms, in bunches, show up in the leaf axils. They live just 8 hours and bite the dust if treatment neglects to happen. The plant sprouts three years after the cuttings are planted and the yellow greenish organic products many have up to 90,000 seeds, taking five to seven months to develop. The organic product is scentless when collected, it has a length between 10 to 25 cm and a load of 5 to 30g (Ferrã £o, 1993). Vanilla was brought to Europe by the Spanish heros of the New World. They discovered it in Mexico, when Montezuma, the last Aztec Emperor, offered them a beverage made of chocolate, vanilla, red pepper and nectar. Nearby nobility utilized it to season chocolate, a custom despite everything rehearsed today (Brosse et al. 1989). The Dutch presented vanilla in Java (Indonesia), a previous European state in East Indies, toward the start of the nineteenth century and the French did likewise in the Reunion Island, Mauritius and Madagascar, all situated in the Southwest Indian Ocean.

System Development Approach-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the System Development Approach. Answer: Presentation Allsports is a multi-sport association that has a colossal number of individuals that are occupied with various kinds of brandishing exercises. The organization distributes its bulletin on a week after week premise. There are sure issues that are related with the present framework as far as data the executives, stockpiling, and handling. A mechanized framework, All Sports Club Information System (ASCIS) has been prescribed to beat the issues with the present framework. The point of the report is to cover the subtleties of the new data framework, for example, the framework improvement approach, venture money saving advantage examination and calendar alongside framework necessities and examination methods Way to deal with Systems Development All Sports Club Information System (ASCIS) can be created by utilizing various methodologies and procedures. There are fundamentally two classifications of approaches that are applied as prescient methodology or versatile methodology. If there should arise an occurrence of ASCIS, the methodology that has a higher level of relevance is the versatile methodology for framework improvement. It is a direct result of the idea of the prerequisites that will be actualized in the framework. The individuals that are locked in with ASCIS may increment or lessening in number which makes certain to affect the recurrence of the bulletins that are shared. It will be required for the framework to be dynamic in nature in order to deal with the varieties in the data the board and the information activities. Versatile way to deal with framework advancement, for example, light-footed approach will be well-suited on account of ASCIS as the system will have the option to deal with the dynamic idea of the necessities (Subramaniam, 2007). It will permit the framework to be adaptable and versatile in nature which will guarantee that the adjustments as far as the extension or related venture factors are met easily. The task customer will likewise be refreshed normally with respect to the venture status and undertaking progress and will likewise be requested the input. In such a way, the final result that will be conveyed and sent as ASCIS will be according to the details gave by the customer. The data stockpiling that will be remembered for the framework will likewise be according to the changing idea of capacity necessities in the framework (Williams, 2007). 3. Frameworks Requirements Utilitarian Requirements The framework will furnish the clients with the capacity to login. The framework will be able to store part subtleties as segment data and the subtleties of the games that they play. The framework must store pamphlets with their date of accommodation, title of the article, and document name and publicist subtleties as the obligatory traits (Turner, Maylor and Swart, 2013). Promoter socioeconomics and contact subtleties must be put away in the framework. The framework must make, store and give the capacity to separate the reports including part subtleties, promoter data, subtleties of the bulletins alongside the article subtleties. The framework must make alarms before the due date of the distributing of a bulletin to guarantee that there are no deferrals (Bredillet, 2005). The data related with the individuals who have distributed or altered the pamphlets will be noticeable based on channels, for example, part id or email address. Non-Functional Requirements The framework will be adaptable in nature to guarantee that it might be altered according to the changing idea of necessities. The framework will consistently be accessible to the clients to permit them to view, share or alter the data. The framework will be secure in nature with the goal that the data that is put away is constantly ensured (Anshin, 2013). Unwavering quality will be remembered for the framework to ensure that there is substantial data that is introduced as a reaction to the client activity or the inquiry made by the client. The framework will be anything but difficult to keep up and the help exercises that are done should likewise be advantageous to execute. Venture Cost Benefit Analysis Money saving advantage Analysis is one of the most huge appraisals that are done in the undertakings. It is important to have a record of the likely expenses and costs that might be spent during the task timetable alongside the relating benefits that will be picked up. If there should arise an occurrence of All Sports Club Information System (ASCIS), the general spending that has been evaluated is $60,000. The markdown factor that is appropriate in this undertaking is 6%. It has likewise been evaluated that the staffing costs will decrease by $2,000 on a month to month premise. It will be a direct result of the explanation that there will an improved utilization of mechanization that will be done supplanting the issues that are available with the present framework. This consequently will upgrade the salary by $1,000. The general benefit that will come out thus will be $3,000 (Canils and Romijn, 2008). The spending that has been assessed incorporates the expense of upkeep which will be $1,200 every month making it $14,400 on a yearly premise. There will likewise be a one-time cost of instruments that will be gone through alongside the expense of assets, advancement and planning cost, sending and testing costs alongside the conclusion costs. Work Breakdown Structure Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is the instrument that is utilized to speak to the venture plan and the task exercises as bundles and sub-bundles. The device is utilized to appraise the undertaking plan and furthermore tracks the consummation of the exercises that are included. The cost estimation should likewise be possible utilizing WBS. Gantt diagram is another device which is utilized to speak to the task exercises as a timetable. The course of events speaks to the undertaking exercises and the assets that are doled out to every movement. WBS and Gantt diagram have a nearby relationship with one another as both of these instruments are utilized to follow the venture progress and furthermore help in the procedures of estimations in regards to the undertaking (Parnell, 2008). The undertaking plan that has been assessed for the venture is sensible as the allotment of the hours that will be spent on the finish of the exercises is according to the exertion that is required to be placed in. Additionally, the exercises have been evaluated in such a way, that the spending that has been assigned for the venture doesn't surpass. The calendar has been made so that there is a legitimate assignment of the assets managed with no instances of over-lapping or over-stacking Framework Information Requirement Investigation Techniques Undertaking Stakeholders Undertaking Client: The customer will be keen on the venture as the framework will defeat the issues with the present framework and will upgrade the nature of the activities bringing about better execution and results. End-Users: The framework will permit the simpler administration of the data and the activities prompting higher fulfillment and commitment (Stead, 2008). Task Manager: The undertaking director will be dependable and responsible for venture arranging, conclusion and examination exercises. The venture achievement or disappointment will directly affect the undertaking administrator. Venture Team Members: The undertaking assets will be capable and responsible for the entirety of the operational errands and exercises. The task achievement or disappointment will directly affect the venture assets. Data Investigation Techniques Meetings: The procedure will permit the framework partners to pick up data with respect to the venture as far as the utilitarian and non-useful necessities and details. It will be done through the planning of the inquiries questions and conduction of the procedure by getting the reactions and recording of the equivalent. Conceptualizing: This method will permit the age and investigation of the new thoughts and ideas. It will be done through a procedure of gathering conversations with the significant partners to recover important data. Perception: There will be a ton of information that will be available with the associations as chronicled information and references alongside the current tasks. The method will incorporate the down to earth perception of the procedures completed to comprehend the issues in the present framework and execute the necessary changes in the new syst Ends The undertaking of All Sports Club Information Systems (ASCIS) is a stage towards the utilization and use of the most recent innovation in the business exercises to conquer the issues and issues that are associated with the present framework. The undertaking is required to be finished in the evaluated timetable and spending imperatives to ensure that the opportune conveyance of the framework is made effectively. The task presents the essentialness of the venture stages as arranging and investigation. These stages structure the solid base that is required to be made so as to make venture progress. The data with respect to the undertaking necessities will be examined according to the able procedure. References Anshin, V. (2013). Vital and Organizational Aspects of Project Systems Management Considering Sustainable Development Concept. Russian Journal of Project Management, 2(3), pp.3-12. Bredillet, P. (2005). Global Journal of Project Management. Global Journal of Project Management, 23(1), p.86. Canils, M. furthermore, Romijn, H. (2008). Vital specialty the executives: towards a strategy apparatus for reasonable turn of events. Innovation Analysis Strategic Management, 20(2), pp.245-266. Parnell, J. (2008). Economical key administration: build, parameters, inquire about headings. Global Journal of Sustainable Strategic Management, 1(1), p.35. Stead, J. (2008). Economical key administration: a developmental point of view. Global Journal of Sustainable Strategic Management, 1(1), p.62. Subramaniam, V. (2007). Spry Methodologies. [online] Available at: https://www.agiledeveloper.com/introductions/Agile

An Introduction to an Effective Promotional Mix

An Introduction to an Effective Promotional Mix INTRODUCTION TO PROMOTIONAL MIX In this article, you will learn about 1) an introduction in marketing and promotional mix, 2) the key components of the promotional mix, 3) how to establish an effective promotional mix, and 4) a short  conclusion.INTRODUCTION TO PROMOTIONAL MIXThere are lots of things that must come together for a company to successfully promote its products or services; this is what is sometimes referred to as a company’s marketing mix. There are 4 key components to any marketing mix, and one of the most important is the promotional mix.The Promotional Mix in MarketingDefinition of the Promotional MixThe promotional mix is best described as a series of tools that a business uses to communicate the message of why consumers should buy their product.Why is the Promotional Mix Important?The answer is very simple. If customers don’t know about your services and products, you will not get any sales. So the promotional mix is critical because it is the way you effectively communicate the characteristi cs of your goods and services to generate sales.The Difference between Promotional Mix and Marketing MixThe marketing mix encompasses several aspects that attract new and repeat customers. The promotional mix is just one aspect of the overall marketing mix, and it focuses on communication and interaction with potential customers.Four Elements of the Marketing Mix:Product â€" Anything that can be offered to a potential customer that fills a want or need.Price â€" The marketing mix factor that controls the volume of sales.Place â€" The distribution of products and services at the right time and in the right place.Promotion Activities undertaken by a business to get the message out about its product or service to the target audience.It is worth noting that many times companies will consider ‘people’ as the 5th part of a sound marketing mix.[cp_modal id=cp_id_75506] [/cp_modal]The Focus of the Promotional MixThe main objective of the promotional mix is to inform, remind and persuade the target audience about their need for the company’s product or service.Why the Promotional Mix Is Important to MarketingIt is important to the overall marketing process because if customers do not know about the products and services offered, sales will be limited and the company will not survive as a result.KEY COMPONENTS OF THE PROMOTIONAL MIXPersonal SellingThis is often referred to as one-on-one or face-to-face selling. As the name implies, it establishes a direct in-person connection with a prospective customer that may build trust and lead to a sale; it is the only means of promotion that allows you to adjust the message as the sales situation is unfolding. The downside is that it is a very costly means of selling. Examples would be a salesman on the floor of a home improvement company or a representative in a booth at a trade show.AdvertisingThis is almos t the exact opposite of personal selling because it involves no direct face-to-face customer contact at all. It happens when companies make expenditures to promote their product through such things as media and the internet. The main advantage of this type of marketing is it’s a one-way conversation that helps the customer focus on the benefits of your product or service for them. As mentioned, its biggest drawback is establishing trust because of its impersonal nature. Examples of advertising are television commercials and pop-up ads on websites.Direct MarketingThis type of marketing tries to narrow the focus to a selected group of people who would be more interested in your product or service than others. Direct marketing can generate more sales because of its specific focus and it normally does it at less cost to the company; however, this type of marketing may be ill-received due to the sheer amount of it that people receive daily. Examples of this type of marketing are e-mail and direct mail advertising campaigns.Sales PromotionThis is actually a catch-all term that covers any type of promotions other than the ones that are specifically mentioned here. The advantage of them is that they can induce traffic and sales by changing a buyer’s perception of a product or service value. The disadvantage of sales promotions is the short-term nature of them often overshadows your company’s long-term sales goals. Sales promotions can be done by putting coupons on a flyer or snack chips being sold on a point-of-purchase display.Public RelationsThis type of promotion has to do with creating a favorable image for your company as opposed to supplying direct information about a particular product or service. The advantage of public relations is that it can raise the appeal and image of your company for future purchasing decisions in a cost effective way. It must be noted also that it is very difficult to judge the effectiveness of this promotional campaign.Good exam ples of this are a company that encourages others to give to disaster relief by matching donations or that hosts a run benefitting cancer research.Corporate ImageThis is very similar to public relations except it is more direct in nature. It seeks to shape the company’s image in a very specific way; this is closely related to branding. The benefit of a corporate image promotion is it can stop a declining sales trend because of poor perceptions about your product or service. The drawback to using this method is that people may see it for exactly what it is and be further dissuaded about purchasing your product or service.A few very good examples of this are an airline that starts a campaign to fix its perceived uncaring image after a fatal crash of one of its aircrafts or a restaurant chain that needs to fix the negative publicity of a severe food illness outbreak at one of their locations.SponsorshipThis type of advertising is very similar to public relations in that it deals with a company’s image. It takes place when your company links itself to an event that makes it look good in the community or gives the impression your company is giving back something to the public. It can also be a non-charitable event that your product closely relates to, like sponsoring a sports team.A sponsorship can do such things as brand enhancement if you do it in conjunction with another strong name, and it can also help your company’s entry into niche markets that are typically hard to break into. It is also normally cost effective for what your company gets out of it. The drawbacks to sponsorship are tarnishing your image if the event or team you sponsor gets caught doing something wrong, and you also have little control over the sponsorship situation.Examples of a sponsorship are a beer company that sponsors a football (soccer) team or partnering with the Red Cross on a fundraising project after a natural disaster.Internet PresenceHow big a role are internet promotions playing in the marketing mix these days? Let’s just say that they have their own category here where years ago they were just an afterthought. There is absolutely no doubt that the internet is now a very big promotional marketing channel, and most companies are highly aware of this fact. You would have to look far and wide these days for a company that does not have a website or at least a blog. There are also many specialty businesses that have been born for the sole purpose of helping other companies with their internet presence.A big part of using the internet as a promotional tool has to do with the rise of social media. Sure it’s free to get on and participate with such social media providers such as Facebook and Twitter, but it is far from free for businesses to advertise on social media. These providers know what a powerful tool social media has become for advertising and marketing, and it costs a fair amount for those who use it.People often refer to the world nowadays a s a digital globe because of all the high-tech things like computers and smartphones that dominate life for people. In order for companies to compete for business, they definitely need to firmly establish an online presence. The best way to do this is to have a website that is comprised of factual and relevant data to your product or service and then optimize your site to drive traffic to it. If a website is optimized for search engines (SEO), then it will show up on the first few pages after internet users search a generic keyword.Big companies have whole departments that specialize in building websites and driving traffic to them, but small businesses often lack an online presence and are poorly optimized to drive traffic to them. Some studies suggest that over 90% of small business websites are not search engine optimized, and it puts them at a big competitive disadvantage. If these sites were optimized, there is no doubt that their sales would increase if their product was good and priced fair. Establishing an internet presence is a big key for promoting products and services.HOW TO ESTABLISH AN EFFECTIVE PROMOTIONAL MIXHere are some steps for establishing an effective promotional mix at your company.Step 1:     Define your target audience profile.Establish who the ideal match for your product is based on who will most likely consider purchasing it. You will also have to decide if you will promote your product to just the end users or if you will be better off selling to distribution companies or retail outlets.Step 2:     Define the goals of your promotional mix.You have seen through the various promotional strategies that were introduced that the goal of any marketing mix does not necessarily have to take a direct approach to impact sales or profits, although this is always the end goal no matter what promotional strategy you use. There are times when an indirect approach will work better to increase sales than a direct approach; such is the case when a company is trying to fix a tarnished image. Think of all the types of promotions that BP did after the Gulf oil spill to give the image ‘they cared’ in order to keep the incident from running the company into the ground.So each individual marketing campaign will have to clearly define the end result it wants to achieve and then have the proper promotional strategy put into place to achieve the desired result. Once you establish the goal of your promotional mix, it is then easier to plan the rest of it.Step 3:     Define your message.There are two main factors that every promotional mix message has to have:Content â€" This is simply deciding what image you want to show with your product or service. It consists of both the written word and the graphics that you present to your target audience to convey the benefits of or needs for your product or service. It will normally appeal to things like a person’s need to eat healthy, ensure their safety or save money.Format â€" This is h ow your message will appeal to your target audience. Often you will have to think about the technical aspects of presenting your message. Formats may consist of such things as a live demonstration at a convention where you will need to consider the stage setup, lighting, and sound or a banner on a web page where you will have to consider the size and visual content of the banner itself.Step 4:     Decide how you will get the message to your target audience.If you look back at Section 2, you were given 8 methods that are widely used to promote products and services for sale. When you are trying to establish your marketing mix, at some point you will need to choose the strategy to market your goods and services. For example, you will have to decide if you will use a coupon on a flyer to promote your landscaping services, use direct mail to sell your brand of swimming pools or sponsor a booth in a boat show to help market your marine sportswear line.The method you choose to deliver the message to your target audience is more critical than any other part of designing your promotional mix. You have to think carefully when choosing. You probably would not want to market adult diapers using a strong internet presence because many seniors are fairly computer illiterate, but doing something like putting a coupon in a senior living magazine might work nicely.Step 5:     Determine what action you want your message to achieve.After you have chosen the method of delivery for your promotional message, you must then decide how you want it to be actionable. It is not enough for people to just see your product or service; you want to take it one step further like having them click on a ‘for more information’ button on a promotional web page that brings them to your main site or fill out a coupon for a free trip that supplies you with their contact information for use on a future direct mail campaign.Step 6:      Determine your budget.Your promotional budget is usually det ermined by a set percentage of what you are hoping the sales from your marketing campaign will be. It goes without saying that if you are working with a small budget you will have limited options at times; you may not be able to do such things as hire the most popular actor for a cameo appearance on a TV commercial.Step 7:     Define your promotional mix.Once you have determined your budget, you can then use it to define your promotional mix. Defining your promotional mix includes sectioning it into a percentage of the overall budget.Example: a promotional mix for a new dog toy with a budget of $10,000 might be 50% direct mail campaign ($5,000), 40% advertising in pet magazines ($4,000) and 10% point-of-purchase displays ($1,000).Step 8:     Put the plan into effect.One you have your promotional mix plan in place it is then time to put it into action.Step 9:     Put analysis and control measures into your plan.Lastly, you will want to be able to track your promotional mix plan to se e if you got the results from it that you desired. This will help make future plans more effective. Tracking can be done by such methods as looking at coupons that were filled out on a promotional flyer, looking at the number of visitors to a promotional page on your website or through follow-up surveys by customers after purchase.CONCLUSIONBy now you should be able to see just how important the promotional mix is to an overall marketing strategy. It is a key component of the marketing strategy that must be well thought out and well executed. If your company takes the time to do this, then you stand a good chance of meeting your overall sales goals when you take your marketing message to your target audience.

Marketing Case - 869 Words

FIN-1103: Principles of Marketing Assignment Details Dear students, this document will give you the detail idea about your module assignment. This assignment consist two parts i.e. one write up and a presentation. First we discuss about the write up’s outline then about the presentation. Well, let’s see†¦. The write up: As you know, marketing mainly deals with the value of the product. We have to add superior value to our product to capture the customer base. All the participant of the market makes a value proposition to win the customer and at the end of the day they sell their product. A particular product captures the market according to its level of value creation. In our daily life we see lots of product around us consist this value†¦show more content†¦Date and norms of presentation will declared later in due time. Template prepared for â€Å"LUX†: Brief product facts: Lux is a global brand developed by Unilever. The range of products includes beauty soaps, shower gels, bath additives, hair shampoos and conditioners. Lux started as â€Å"Sunlight Flakes† laundry soap in 1899. In 1924, it became the first mass market toilet soap in the world. It is noted as a brand that pioneered female celebrity endorsements. As of 2005, Lux revenue is at 1.0 billion euros, with market shares spread out to more than 100 countries across the globe. Today, Lux is the market leader in several countries including Pakistan, Brazil, India, Thailand and South Africa. Lux Developed by Unilever, Lux (soap) is now headquartered in Singapore. Industry analysis: Lux is operating its business in soap industry which consist lots of other brands namely meril, dove, Tibet, sandilina, dettol, lifebuoy, keya, and lots of other imported soaps from around the world. But not all the brands are Lux’s competitor . Among the brands dove and imported brands are real threats for lux. SWOT Analysis: Strengths 1. High brand value 2. Strong distribution network 3. International branding effort Opportunities 1. Growing customer base Weakness Threats 1. Growing competitors Marketing Mix: Product Price Soap bar, Body gel in different form Prices are ranging 15- 200 dependingShow MoreRelatedMarketing Case Study1338 Words   |  6 PagesStrategic Marketing Case Study New Directions Plc. Introduction: The case is based on the growth and decline of a high street fashion chain founded in the late 1950 s having a extensive distribution network (490stores) within Britain. It refers to the developments changes taken place during a period of 13years where the company has gone through an acquisition and change of Management after 9years of explosive growth within the industry. Whereas it is understandable that the Company shouldRead MoreTide Marketing Case2581 Words   |  11 PagesDe La Salle University Ramon V. 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Pain in the Chain Free Essays

Exceso is a hypothetical company taken from a Harvard Case Study. In reference to the four assigments we want to present our analyze. The Case study describes the situation of Exceso, which is a manufacture and the supply chain of Exceso. We will write a custom essay sample on Pain in the Chain or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Situation shows that they are obviously in trouble. In the following we try to summarize their problems. As the manufacture in the supply chain they have many different problems. It seems to be that they have over-ambitious sales targets, which affected the whole supply chain process. Furthermore Exceso heavily discounting their products in order to increase their customer base. Perhaps that leads to more trouble in the next period. â€Å"If we go with deeper discounts, we’ll move more product. Duh! But it’s not going to sell through. It’ll end up in their warehouse. We know that. † This quotation shows that Exceso could have problem to increase their turnover in the next period because the market is saturated. Based on your analysis we want to offer some solutions in order to improve the situation of Exceso. We try to provide a suggestion on an optimal supply chain design. As a start Exceso have to change their output obsessed outlook and shall adhere to their customers’ demands. All participants in the supply chain have to work together. They need a collaborative, planning system. This involve a strong tie relationship between Exceso and their distributors. Furthermore they have to work out a shared interest business plan. They have to amalgamate their forecasts, where possible. Finally they need a demand-based product mix planning. How could be this aims be achieved? What is necessary to be done for implementing your suggestion? In our opinion they could implement an electronic data interchange system (EDI) for example a supplier – portal based on an internet-platform. EDI is very useful in the supply chain because it helps to structure the information flow. Moreover the communication with EDI leads to more speed in which trading partner receives and incorporates the information in comparison to paper documents. Likewise it could reduce errors such as shipping an billing errors. Finally it will hopefully keep disparities between over- and underproduction to a minimum. Sharing information could replace high stocks and perhaps they are able to handle increasing demands. How to cite Pain in the Chain, Papers

The role of teamwork in management

Executive Summary This report entails an analysis of the role of teamwork in ensuring that individuals are effective and efficient in attaining their goals. The report is composed of a number of sections. In the first section, a background study which illustrates the increased incorporation of teamwork in ensuring that individuals attain their goals is illustrated. The second section entails a literature review on teamwork.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The role of teamwork in management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the review, the report gives a definition of the concept of teamwork. It also considers a number of elements associated with teamwork. One of these issues relates to the factors that make teamwork to be successful. The various factors evaluated include clarity of goals, competence amongst team members, creation of a collaborative climate, incorporation of a result driven structure and ensurin g unified commitment. Other factors include ensuring external support and recognition, standards of excellence and principled leadership. The paper also presents a number of arguments for and against teamwork. In the third section a practical application of the concept of teamwork is illustrated. Finally, a conclusion and number of recommendations with regard to teamwork are outlined. Introduction Background to the study The success of organizations in different economic sectors is dependent on the effectiveness with which its workforce is managed. According to Price (2007, p.85), the 21st century is characterized by an increment in the number of challenges that organizations are facing. Some of these challenges arise from the high rate of globalization. Globalization presents a challenge to management teams. This arises from the fact that it stimulates competition. In order to be successful in attaining their goals, individuals and organizations are considering developing their com petitive advantage through incorporation of optimal management strategies. One of the aspects that are gaining prominence relates to human resource management. Human resource management plays a significant role towards the employees attaining their goals. Human resource management entails bringing individuals within an organization together in order to meet the goals each individuals. Price (2007, p.86) further asserts that human resource management enables employees to enhance their potential. Human resource management is aimed at ensuring that the employees are efficient and effective in executing their duties so as to improve organizational performance.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are different human resource management strategies that can be incorporated in order to ensure that the employees are effective and efficient in attaining their goals. One of these str ategies relate to teamwork. According Rupar and Rupar (2006, p.239), the concept of teamwork is increasingly gaining prominence in the operation of organizations. Aim In order to understand why this is so, the author of this report conducted an analysis on the concept that people working in teams always achieve their goals more efficiently and effectively than people working alone. Scope This report concentrates on the role of teamwork in ensuring that individuals attain their goals more effectively and efficiently. Literature review Teamwork According to Cohen and Bailey (2001, p.241), a team refers to a group of people who are mutually dependent on each other in executing their tasks. They also share responsibilities. Alternatively, teamwork can be defined to include the cooperative and coordinated efforts through which a group of individuals operate in an environment of trust and responsibility with the objective of attaining a common objective. Over the few past decades, the con cept of teamwork has been a core component of man’s effort to survive and attain personal development. According to Rupar and Rupar (2006, p. 239), the concept of teamwork is becoming prominent with regard to development of individuals. Individuals have realized that it is difficult to survive by operating on their own. Individuals working together as a team are more effective and efficient in attaining their goals. This arises from the fact that the team members are required to surrender a certain degree of their self-interest and personal ego in order attain a common goal. The success of a team is regarded to be a collective success. Factors that promote teamwork Clarity of goals According to Isaksen and Tidd (2006, p.186), the success of teamwork is dependent on a number of factors. Firstly, there must be a clear understanding of the common goals in addition to sharing a common vision amongst the group members.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The rol e of teamwork in management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More By having a clear understanding of the goals, each member is charged with the responsibility of ensuring that it the goal is attained. This arises from the fact that the benefits of the teamwork would only be achieved if the results are achieved. Having a clear understanding of the goal ensures that each member undertakes his or her task with a high level of clarity. Competent team members and a collaborative climate Porter-O’Grady and Malloch (2007, p.286) assert that the success of a team is dependent on the degree of competence and cooperation amongst the team members. This opinion is also held by Isaksen and Tidd (2006, p.187) who assert that team members must have sufficient skills and a strong drive to collaborate with each other. Despite the existence of diversity amongst the members, teams should utilise the different talents and strengths positively. For this to be achieved, development of a climate of mutual trust is paramount. Result-driven structure According to Eugene (2008, p.38), teams within organisations incorporate a result-driven structure in an effort to achieve their goals. Isaksen and Tidd (2006, p.186) further assert that member of a high performing team are more productive. This arises from the fact that there is a well implemented structure which defines various aspects that the team members have to adhere to. Some of the structures relate to implementing open communication structure so as to ensure that there is an effective and efficient provision of feedback, clarity of tasks and accountabilities. Additionally, the organisation has to ensure that performance is well monitored (Isaksen Tidd, 2006, p. 186). Unified commitment According to Reeves, Lewin, Espin and Zwarenstein (2010, p.51), every individual member of a particular group must have a certain degree of commitment so as to develop unity within the team. Team members should develop mutual support towards other members in order to achieve the desired goal. This results into a high level of motivation amongst the individuals. In addition to the above factors, there are other factors that promote teamwork. These include; external support and recognition, standards of excellence and principled leadership.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Arguments for working in teams There are a number of benefits associated with teamwork that contribute towards individuals attaining their goals more efficiently and effectively compared to people working alone. Some of these reasons are discussed below. By working in teams, individuals’ level of creativity is enhanced. This arises from the fact that teams are composed of individuals who posses diverse knowledge and skills which are shared amongst the members. Gupta (2007, p.212) asserts that working as a team contributes towards individual attaining continuous improvement. This arises from the fact that members gain knowledge from mistakes and experiences. As a result, a continuous learning environment is created. For the teams to be successful in attaining their goals, the members are required to share information. West (p.11) asserts that teamwork contributes towards cross-fertilization of ideas. Working as a team also gives individuals access to diverse scientific tools a nd techniques which contribute towards attainment of efficiency. Gupta (2007, p.212) asserts that the scientific tools and techniques incorporated in a team enhance resource utilisation. This arises from the fact that wastage of finances, time and materials in executing the tasks is eliminated. Turner (2001, p.333) asserts that the resultant effect is that the individual team members’ knowledge is enhanced due to the high level of exposure to diverse view points. According to Gupta (2007, p.203), individuals working as a team are more creative and innovative compared to those who have adopted an individualistic approach in executing their duties. Working as a team also develops individuals’ attitude towards risk. Gupta (2007, p.203) is of the opinion that working as a team motivates individuals to be more risk taking in order to attain their goals. Gupta (2007, p.208) further asserts that working as a team enables individuals to evaluate their strength in dealing with uncertainty, taking calculated risks and taking advantage of the opportunities. In the event that the degree of risk is high, team members pool their efforts and resources in order to deal with the situation. By working in uncertain situations, individuals become more confident in taking risks. Working as a team motivates individuals to be continuously innovative in performing their tasks. This enhances the effectiveness with which they attain their goals. Odgers (2005, p.311) asserts that working as a team motivates individuals to accomplish their duties effectively and efficiently. This arises from the fact that team members appreciate their colleagues’ contribution, knowledge and competence. This creates an environment conducive for working. However, Odgers (2005, p.311) asserts that it is necessary to create a calculated conflict within a team in order to foster creativity amongst team members. Odgers (2005, p.311) asserts that conflict within a group can contribute towar ds the growth and development of the team members. Working as a team contributes towards individuals accomplishing all the tasks requirements in addition to their human needs due to the high level of motivation. The resultant effect is that these individuals become more effective and efficient in executing their duties hence attaining their goals. Working in teams also enables team members to be more committed in designing and implementing various operational strategies. For examples, some of the strategies which the team members incorporate are creative and flexible. Gupta (2007, p.210) assert that working in a team enables team members to be effective in eliminating possible hurdles that may limit attainment of the goals. Teamwork enables individuals to be positive in countering challenges and taking advantage of the different opportunities presented. Additionally, teamwork leads to creation both formal and informal networks which enhances the effectiveness and efficiency with whi ch individuals achieve their goals. For a team to operate smoothly, Gupta (2007, p.208) asserts that integration of work standards is paramount. The standards create pressure to individuals to adhere to the standards. This has the effect of enhancing their operational efficiency and effectiveness. In order to achieve ones goals, it is paramount for one to change. However, Gupta is of the opinion that it is difficult to change working as an individual. This limits the effectiveness and efficiency of attaining one’s goals. On the other hand, working as a team enables individuals to change by effectively identifying the need to change, designing and implementing the desired change (Kandula, 2006, p.118). Arguments against teamwork According to Isaksen and Tidd (2006, p.184), teamwork limits individual contribution. This arises from the fact that a group may be characterised by a number of dominant individuals who have a high influence on the decision making. The resultant effect is that the outcome of the team is affected. Additionally, working as a team may result to individuals being forced to conform to certain thoughts. This means that teamwork enhances group think. However, the quality of decisions made by a particular team may be low thus limiting the effectiveness and efficiency of attaining their goals. Isaksen and Tidd (2006, p.184) further assert that working as a team may lead to conflicting individual biases. The resultant effect is that an unproductive level of competition may be created which may be emergence of ‘winners and ‘losers’. Practical application of the concept of teamwork Considering the efficiency and effectiveness associated with teamwork, there are a different ways through which the concept of teamwork can be applied in organisations. According to Mylonas, Harvey and Hodges (2007, p.22), organisational performance is determined by the degree of effectiveness and efficiency in executing different tasks. In an e ffort to develop competitive advantage, organisations are increasingly incorporating project management. In order for project management to be effectively integrated in organisations, it has become necessary for firm’s to integrate project teams. The project teams are developed in accordance with the different projects. Iceland and Ireland (2006, p.489), assert that firms in different economic sectors are facing challenges which require them to be more effective and efficient in executing their duties. One of the ways through which organisations can achieve this is by integrating teamwork in their projects. Through teamwork, it would be effective and efficient for projects to achieve their goals. This arises from the fact that a high degree of creativity, collaboration, innovation and trust are developed in executing the various tasks. Conclusion and recommendations Despite the limitations of working as a team, the analysis has illustrated that teamwork contributes towards in dividuals being effective and efficient in achieving their goals. Teamwork enables individuals to become more creative in executing their duties. This arises from the fact that teams are formed of different individuals who possess different skills, information and knowledge. For example, through collaboration which is a core component of teamwork, individuals’ knowledge and skills are improved. The resultant effect is that their level of competence in executing their duties improved. Additionally, teamwork enhances innovation and continuous improvement amongst individuals. This culminates into a high degree of efficiency and effectiveness of attaining the stipulated goals. One of the factors that enhance this is the risk taking characteristic of teams. Teamwork also enhances a high level of commitment in attaining the stipulated goals. This is achieved through incorporation of a result-driven structure and standards which individuals are required to adhere to. In order for in dividuals to be effective and efficient in attaining their goals, it is paramount for them to incorporate the concept of teamwork. However, the teams should be effectively managed to ensure that they do not deviate from the intended objective. Reference List Cohen, S. Bailey, D., 2001. What makes teams work; group effectiveness research from the shop floor to the executive suite. Journal of Management. Vol. 23, issue 3, pp. 239-290. California: University of Southern California. Eugene, R., 2008. Relationship between teach job satisfaction and teaming structure  at the middle school level. New York: ProQuest. Gupta, B., 2007. Governance and management of technical institutions. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co. Iceland, D. Ireland, L., 2006. Project management; strategic design and  implementation. New York: McGraw-Hill. Isaksen, S. Tidd, J., 2006. Meeting the innovation challenge; leadership for  transformation and growth. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons. Kandula, I., 2006. Perf ormance management. New York: PHI Learning Pvt Ltd. Mylonas, A., Harvey, J. Hodges, J., 2007. Business organisations and  management for Queensland. South Yarra, Vic: Macmillan Education Australia. Odgers, P., 2005. Administrative office management; complete course. Mason: Thomson. Porter-O’Grady, T. Malloch, K., 2007. Quantum leadership; a resource for health  care innovation. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Price, A., 2007. Human resource management in a business context. London: Thomson. Reeves, S., Lewin, S., Espin, S. Zwarenstein, M., 2010. Interprofessional  teamwork for health and social care. Chichester: Wiley Publishers. Rupar, B. Rupar, M., 2006. Importance of teamwork for non profit organisations.  Slovenija: University of Maribor. Turner, M., 2001. Groups at work; theory and research. New York: Routledge. West, M., 2004. Effective; practical lessons from organisational research. Malden, Mass: Blackwell. This essay on The role of teamwork in management was written and submitted by user Wesley S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Mysteries Surrounding Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Essays - Free Essays

Mysteries Surrounding Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Essays - Free Essays Mysteries Surrounding Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease The Mysteries Surrounding Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is a killer. What we know is that it wastes no time. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease will kill a person within one year of contraction. It is yet unknown how Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease chooses its victims, but it does seem to have accomplices, known as the spongiform encephalopathies, in the rest of the animal kingdom. It is possible that it may be known what means Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease uses in order to annihilate its victims, but the theory surrounding that is still controversial. By examining the facts and observing the evidence we shall one day uncover the truth behind this malicious killer. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is a rare neuro-degenerative disease. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is a rare neuro-degenerative disease that leads to the loss of coordination, dementia and death. Death usually occurs within a year of the onset of symptoms. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is a human disease and can be dormant for as long as thirty years. The average age of onset is sixty years, but there are recorded instances of onset as easily as sixteen years and as old as 80 years. It is estimated that, world-wide, between 0.5 and 1 case per million population occurs annually. Increased incidence in some regions of the world has been attributed to the possibility of a genetic predisposition. In the United States the incidence has been reported as being 0.9 deaths per million population attributable to Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. This is an inexact figure however, due to the fact that Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is not a reportable disease in the United States (Holman) and the Center for Disease Con trol does not actively monitor the disease (Altman). To track the disease the Center for Disease Control has initiated a four-state study of death certificates (Altman), but since death certificates are not always accurate Davanpour) the survey may not provide an accurate assessment. This leaves the true prevalence in the United States and other countries remaining a mystery. Compounding the uncertainty, autopsies are rarely performed on atypical dementia patients (Harrison) because medical professionals fear infection (Altman). The officially reported rate of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease incidence is less than one case per million people per year (World). An informal survey of neuropathologists, however, registered a theoretical range of 2 - 21% of all dementia as actually Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (Harrison) and hundreds of thousands of Americans suffer from severe dementia every year (Brayne; United). Two other studies average about a 3% Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease rate among dementia patients (Mahendra; Wade). A preliminary 1989 University of Pennsylvania study showed that 5% of patients diagnosed with dementia were actually dying from Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (Boller). It would seem that Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is seriously underdiagnosed. The most common misdiagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is Alzheimer's disease (Harrison). Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease was even described as Alzheimers in fast forward (Wlalzek). The symptoms and pathology of both diseases overlap. There can be spongy changes in the brain (a classic effect of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease) in Alzheimer's disease, for example, and senile plaques deposited on the brain (a classic effect of Alzheimer's disease) in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (Brown). The causes may overlap as well; epidemiological evidence suggests that people eating meat more than four times a week for a prolonged period have a three times higher chance of suffering dementia than long-time vegetarians (Giem), although this result may be confounded by vascular factors (Van Duijn). Paul Brown, medical director for the U.S. Public Health Service (Gruzen), said that the brains of the young people who died from the new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Britain even look like the brains of Alzh eimer's patients (Hager). Stanley Prusiner, the scientist who coined the term prion, speculates that Alzheimer's may in fact turn out to be a prion disease as well (Prusiner). In younger victims the disease could look like multiple sclerosis or a severe viral infection, according to Alzheimer's expert Gareth Roberts (Brain). Twenty percent or more of people clinically diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease are found at autopsy to not have had Alzheimer's at all (McKhann). At Yale, out of 46 patients clinically diagnosed with Alzheimer's, 6 were proven to have actually had Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease at autopsy (Manuelidis). In another post-mortem study 3 out of 12 Alzheimer patients actually died from a spongiform encephalopathy